Such results provide key information for selecting priority areas for conservation and selecting the best time to survey this species in the tropical Andes. These results suggest that the species might be using other unknown communal roosts hierarchically. Moreover, we also found a strong bias towards immatures (about 76%) in the adult:immature ratio and a remarkable absence of Andean condors during the wet season. Therefore, the significant variation in the use of roosts across seasons and hours should be carefully accounted for in national surveys, at the risk of undermining the full potential of the communal roost surveys. Colder and drier days (dry season) are preferable for surveying, as we expect the total number of condors using communal roosts to reduce under rainy (rainfall = −0.53 ± 0.16) and warmer days (temperature = −0.04 ± 0.02) days. We found that both adults and young Andean condors showed a threefold reduction in the use of the communal roost after the beginning of the rainy season. Using an autoregressive generalized linear model, we associated environmental variables with visual surveys of adult and young condors at three different times of the day and three times a week between June 2014 and March 2015. ![]() Here, we provide the first assessment of how daily temperature, rainfall, and seasonality influence surveys of Andean condors on a communal roost in the central Peruvian Andes. Still, there is a need to standardize the surveys based on seasonality and suitable environmental conditions throughout the species distribution. The initiatives rely on extensive population surveys to gather basic information necessary to implement policies and to intervene efficiently. In response, conservation strategies have been implemented in many countries to reverse the increasing extinction risk of this species. However, their populations are declining over their entire distributional range. PeerJ 11: e14763 Īmong the New World vultures, the Andean condor is considered one of the most culturally and ecologically important species. Effects of the environmental conditions and seasonality on a population survey of the Andean condor Vultur gryphus in the tropical Andes. Cite this article Márquez-Alvis S, Vallejos LM, Paredes-Guerrero S, Pollack-Velasquez L, Santos GS. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. 8 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DOI 10.7717/peerj.14763 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Stuart Pimm Subject Areas Conservation Biology, Ecology, Zoology, Natural Resource Management, Population Biology Keywords Age rate bird, Conservation of carrion vertebrates, Conservation and planning, Population census plans, Temperature and rainfall, South America Vultures, Vulture and condor collapse, Roosting, Raptor Copyright © 2023 Márquez-Alvis et al.
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